An anal fistula is a small tunnel that connects an infected gland inside the anus to an opening on the skin around the anus. The most common cause is a previous or current anal abscess. When an abscess doesn't heal properly after drainage, it can form a permanent tract, or tunnel, that continues to drain pus and fluid.
Anal fistulas are most often a result of an anal abscess. Other, less common causes include:
If you experience these symptoms, it's essential to seek professional medical advice from a colorectal surgeon:
Proper diagnosis is crucial to determine the type and complexity of the fistula.
A simple physical examination is often enough for diagnosis. Dr. Sonal Bharat Chavan will look for a small opening on the skin near the anus and may feel a hard cord-like tract under the skin.
In more complex cases, imaging may be required to determine the exact path of the fistula. An MRI or a special type of ultrasound (endoanal ultrasound) can provide a detailed map of the fistula tract and identify any branches.
Fistulectomy is the gold standard for treating most anal fistulas. It involves surgically removing the entire fistula tract. This procedure ensures that the entire tunnel and any infected tissue are removed, preventing recurrence.
During the surgery, the surgeon will identify the internal and external openings of the fistula. The entire tract is then carefully excised, from the external opening on the skin to the internal opening in the anal canal.
After the procedure, patients can expect a period of recovery. Dr. Chavan provides specific post-operative care instructions, which include sitz baths, a high-fiber diet, and wound care to ensure proper healing.
The wound from a fistulectomy typically heals from the inside out and may take several weeks to a couple of months to fully close. Following all care instructions is vital for a smooth recovery and to prevent complications.
When performed by an experienced surgeon, fistulectomy has a high success rate and a low chance of recurrence. The main complication is a small risk of incontinence, but this risk is minimized by the use of sphincter-sparing techniques.
The most effective way to prevent a fistula is to seek prompt treatment for an anal abscess. Early drainage and proper care can prevent a fistula from forming.
Maintaining good bowel habits and a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation can help reduce the risk of anal abscesses, and thus, fistulas.
Dr. Sonal Bharat Chavan is a highly skilled female colorectal and general surgeon. She is dedicated to providing personalized and effective care for complex colorectal conditions like anal fistulas. Her expertise ensures that patients receive the safest and most effective treatment, leading to a complete and lasting recovery.
If you have been diagnosed with an anal fistula or suspect you have one, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Proper treatment is essential for a lasting cure. Book a consultation with Dr. Sonal Bharat Chavan today for expert and compassionate care.
